Shadman Zafar is Global CIO for the Global Consumer Technology (GCT) organization at Citi, a team dedicated to leveraging technological innovation and services that enable growth and reduce pain points for Citi’s diverse, digitally forward customers around the world.
Previously, Shadman held several senior roles in telecommunications and financial companies. At JPMorgan Chase, he served as Head of Digital Products, where he was responsible for several digital verticals, including product management, product and business performance of emerging payment solutions, web and mobile channels and more. Before Chase, he was Chief Digital Officer of Barclays Bank where he oversaw strategy and development of the bank’s digital product and services offerings, which included leading the development and launch of Pingit, the UK’s first mobile payments app. Shadman spent several years at Verizon and led the development of Verizon’s FiOS TV and FiOS Data products in addition to doing roles as CIO and CTO.
Zafar holds a bachelor's degree in mathematics and computer science from Ohio Wesleyan University and has worked in MIT Media Lab and AI lab for postgraduate work in neural networks. Zafar is active in technology research groups nationally and internationally, including IEEE and WWW Consortium. He researched neural networks at GTE Labs and also researched sociological impacts of emerging technology trends on contemporary society.
Educational Reform:
In 1880s when Sun Yat-sen was forming his philosophy of Nationalist China he tried to preach to his contemporaries that the secret of Western success does not lie in the advanced weapons but in the value system that focuses on development of human resource to its maximum potential. His view was that focus on human development is the key lesson that China needs to learn from West in order to emerge as a nation equal to other advanced nations in the new world order. Today we need to re-learn this lesson back in America from the father of the nation of China. I intend to chart out key pillars that US education system has to focus on in rebuilding our competitive workforce and emerge as a leading nation in the emerging new world order.
It is a common practice in contemporary America to assume that quality of our public educational system is a result of a single variable of the amount of government spending education. This article intends to dispel this perception and lay out the four key pillars needed in a nation to build a strong education system and world class workforce. These four pillars include (1) Family Values (2) Cultural Values (3) Education policies and (4) Government funding.
Family Values:
Thomas Alva Edison, the most successful and well known inventor of all times, also know as “Wizard of Menlo Park, never graduated from College however deep family value of love of learning and his personal ambitions drove him to learn in the proverbial street lights at night which led him to most successful technology enterprise of his time…a key morale of Edison’s life or many others from Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Michael Dell and others is that it is the personal desire of learning and doing far exceeds the learning capabilities that any formal school system can inculcate in our next generation.
I believe lack of strong engagement of parents in highlighting the importance of education at home is at the core of declining rates at which American children are pursuing higher education and especially a dramatic decline in percentage of American children pursuing education in mathematics, science and technology — educational pillars necessary for building the competitive workforce of tomorrow. In addition to formal education, today’s working parents have delegated to schools the responsibility of playing educational games with kids at the dinner, doing weekend field trips to zoo, factories and other learning opportunities. The house parties are now controlled by automated iTunes streamed music and MTV reality shows as opposed to education focused board games (remember pictionary?) and math and memory games.
The first and foremost focus of a nation in building a strong educational system needs to start at home with parents actively engaged with their kids in making learning a part of every day life and enforcing the importance of education early in life. No amount of government funding or high quality education system will replace the burning desire and love of learning that can be kindled at home under the loving care and upbringing of parents. Remember that mind is not a vessel to be filled but a light to be kindled and it can only be kindled at home.
2 Cultural Values:
In his 2004 book, World is Flat, Thomas Friedman recites a story about his visit to China and how young teenagers in China were falling over themselves to get into a public speech by Bill Gates; hoping to learn about his experiences as a world renowned technology leader. Friedman noted that the difference between contemporary Chinese and American youths is that for Chinese kids Bill Gates is like Brittany Spears and for American youths Brittany Spears is Brittany Spears!
I thought the above anecdote highlights very well the decline in cultural values on what the society considers important. In the 19th and early 20th century our scientist and business men were the national heroes (Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Neil Arm Strong) but over the last few decades national fascination has shifted to Rap stars and pop stars as the idols that our young people want to follow. More recently these ideals have further gone away from nation building heroes to stars of reality TV shows. It is not a surprise that as our children spend most of the time watching Jersey Shore and Real housewives of New Jersey they dream about becoming Snooki or Mike Sorrentino of Jersey Shore, instead of becoming Edison, Bill Gates or Steve Jobs of tomorrow.
I believe it is the responsibility of the society (media, family, government and school system) to build value system where nation builders (engineers, doctors, businessmen, scientists, teachers and public servants) are revered and idolized. When such value systems decline in a society, the next generation will follows the decline.
As a society we need to build back our fascination with the true heroes that made this nation great, and not let our children be fascinated with people who are only famous for just being famous!
Educational Policies:
Educational policies that adopts learnings from free market systems can be successfully applied to government supported institutions like public education. A simple model of reward for performance can help rebuild our educational system from entitlement based expectation of union workers who are now in charge of educating our children to a merit based system where best teachers and schools are rewarded with higher funding.
There are numerous policies under debate today and I do not intend to comment on all possible policies, however I want to give an example of a sample policy to illustrate how minor changes in funding mechanism can help improve the schools without even increasing a single dollar in educational funding or massively impacting the current benefits or incomes that our current educators receive. Imagine that instead of public schools getting the funding for children they are educating, we assign/attach the funding to the child. Let Parents have the freedom to take their child to any school they like. And as long as child is in a particular school, that school will receive the funding for that child. So if a school is not doing a good job in educating that student, parent has the flexibility of taking that child out of that school and put her in a better school and the associated funding will transfer to the new school.
Above model will create an instant competition for educators, school administrators and teachers to do their best to retain the funding within their institution. While there are numerous administrative and logistical challenges to implement a model described above, the intent of this example is to show that even without exorbitant increase in public funding, we can improve our policies for public funding to nurture merit based educational system as opposed to today’s entitlement based system. I am not against the teacher unions but I am advocating smart policies that will reward competency and disadvantage incompetency.
Government Funding:
As a nation we talk about the government funding as the sole variable in improving the educational system in America. I believe our focus needs to be balanced on all four pillars of building a strong educational system in a nation.
However in addition to a balanced approach to improvements in educational system, it is imperative for any advanced nation to regard its spending on education and basic research and development and core responsibility of the public sector.
Sun Yat-Sen’s insight mentioned at the beginning of this article that the core advantage of Western world is not in their weapons but in their dedication for development of their citizens to their full potential remains true in the second decade of the 21st century as it was true in the late 19th century. Today we need a Sun Yat-Sen of America to recognize that core of nation building is development of its citizens to their highest potential.
2017 -Present
2014 - '17
2012 - '14
2009 – ’12
Responsible for global communications and entertainment products for Verizon Business, Telecom and Wireless.
2006 – ’09
2000 – ’02
In 2012, technology will continue to make consumers' lives easier and more productive -- at home and at work. And consumers themselves will be a major force behind technology's direction and continued advancements. In its annual review of the top consumer-technology trends for 2012, Verizon sees consumers getting much more involved not only in the process of evaluating new products and technologies but in helping to create them as well.
"It used to be that business and government created technology that eventually made it to the masses. Email, the Internet, and personal computers are three examples of how technology used to evolve," said Shadman Zafar, senior vice president for product development at Verizon. "Today, technological advancement is no longer driven from a 'push-through' model where consumers are simply on the receiving end. End users -- consumers -- are driving technological change and creating a world where what they want is always accessible to them."
Verizon's Shadman Zafar discusses what is on the horizon for technology in the upcoming year.
In 2012, technology will continue to make consumers' lives easier and more productive -- at home and at work. And consumers themselves will be a major force behind technology's direction and continued advancements.
Companies used to offer content, services and products and consumers would either buy in or not. Now, consumers are an integral part of the creative process, and this co-creation model is quickly becoming the new norm. That means more piano-playing cat videos, but it will also mean more meaningful user experiences
To overcome its SOA roadblocks, Verizon had to build an entire SOA operational infrastructure virtually from scratch -- and it has the patents to prove it. "As a technology, Web services are great, but today's standards don't have nearly enough operational infrastructure around them," says Shadman Zafar, Verizon's senior vice president of architecture and e-services. "You can end up with a plethora of Web services but no awareness of which of them are where and provide what function -- and most important -- which have the right kind of capacity and SLA to be usable by what and whom. The result is that SOA risks simply becoming a toy for the developer."
As have many other SOA implementations, Verizon's started after a merger -- in this case, the GTE/Bell Atlantic merger that created Verizon.
"I was tasked to integrate the two IT departments to achieve strong synergy targets," Zafar says. "During our initial research, we found that many of our core business functions were implemented anywhere from five to 30 times across different applications."
The wireless industry is looking at new ways to deliver mobile video services and charging consumers as it tries to boost usage without overloading networks, a top Verizon Wireless technology executive said.
The shift, which will happen as early as this year, involves a new concept the executive, Shadman Zafar, described- as drip-casting, where video is sent gradually to devices such as tablets.
This will come hand in hand with so-called smart charging, where operators would not charge for certain data downloads, Zafar said in an interview with Reuters at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.
Verizon's Fiber Optic Service is one of the most anticipated and closely watched technology rollouts in telecom's modern era. However, what deserves an even closer look is the underlying software infrastructure for enabling the services that will make FiOS more than just another very fast network.
The New York-based telecommunications company averages about 2.5 million to 3 million Web services transactions a day, anchored by its mostly homegrown service-oriented architecture (SOA), a platform that was two and a half years in the making. Dubbed the IT Workbench, the SOA supports the design, deployment and management of Web services. It went operational early last year and has helped the company slash its IT budget by 50% by eliminating redundant systems inherited from the merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE, which spawned Verizon.
Verizon has also tackled some of the most vexing hurdles associated with Web services as part of the IT Workbench project, such as managing and securing the services, charging for reuse and monitoring the performance of service-enabled transactions.
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A social psychologist and marketer, Jennifer Doe is the General Atlantic Professor of Marketing and Ormond Family Faculty at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business. Her research spans time, money and happiness. She focuses on questions such as: What actually makes people happy, as opposed to what they think makes them happy?
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Manufacturing or making things out of raw resources has been the source of industrial revolution. Today we continue to see manufacturing as a low margin business with minimal growth opportunities and therefore focus on high margin opportunities. Many times in the past I have spoken the importance of a balanced economy where a healthy manufacturing sector can help launch the next generation of growth opportunities for a nation or a geographical region. Today I want to highlight an underlying characteristics or skills that we have enhance to deliver on next generation of industries. When I talk about manufacturing I do not intend to limit myself to the industrial manufacturing but production of all physical goods. For example manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals, new materials used in high quality construction (say cheap graphene), construction of nano-materials for embedded medical tablets, nano-materials (eg. Polymer non-composites or metal matrix non-composites), as well as new generation of construction around robotics, personal manufacturing (e.g. 3D printers).
While the above technologies do not fall under the umbrella of traditional manufacturing, these are at the bases of next generation of physical goods that will likely be consumed by the future customers. In the upcoming industries of nano-technology manufacturing for smart tools for medical and industrial production as well as alternative energy products and smart materials based production of current products (e.g. temperature controlled clothing), these manufacturing technologies will play a major role. And just like having the know how in silicon chip manufacturing helped US retain a lead during the PC revolution of late eighties, nineties and first decade of this century, maintaining deep know how in these technologies will help US retain lead in the coming decades.
So in summary, I remain extremely supportive of US to continue chasing the higher and higher margin industries, in IT services, finance, insurance, software (I myself squarely belong in the software industry). However at the same time to ensure readiness for emergence of new technologies and to be able to play key role in next generation industries we need to maintain a balanced approach of skills and competency development in our economy. Otherwise we expose ourselves to the risk of getting stuck in the local maxima of high margin industries of today and missing out the global maximas of future growth opportunities.
Deal that made everybody equally unhappy!
Summary
The deal on the debt ceiling reached in Washington this week has two parts:
Part 1:
In summary deal reached in the Washington allowed for a debt ceiling to be raised by $1T while at the same committed to $917B in spending reductions over 10 years. These 917B are roughly come from $350B cuts in military (read Republican compromise) and 391B come from other discretionary programs (read Democratic compromise) and rest comes from interest savings.
Part 2:
Additionally deal requires that additional $1.3T in savings have to be agreed upon and passed as a law by the end of November. If agreement is not reached by the end of November than automatic reduction will be enacted that will be painful for both parties. Automatic reduction includes $500B reduction in military spending (read painful to GOP) and $500B reduction in entitlement programs, like Medicare (read painful to Democrats) and $200B interest savings.
Needless to say automatic triggering of savings which spreads equal power to both parties is my favorite part as it will create strong incentive for both parties to come up with a sensible compromise without putting national credibility at stake again.
In summary the deal will reduce the deficit by roughly $2.3T over next ten years.
Basic Implications for GOP, Democrats and Tea Party:
GOP: The apparent winner in the debate got the upper hand by forcing the no tax hike. But also put at stake military spending and hence the funding of current wars.
Democrats: While looking like getting a slightly losing hand, they were able to push the discussions of any further debt ceiling to past 2012 elections and came out looking like a party that would like to compromise to move things forward.
Tea Party: Biggest winner in terms of political clout. Not only Tea Party asserted its tremendous influence in the Congress but also woke up even parts of GOP about the potential threat it can pose to GOP itself. Broader Implications
Putting aside the details of the deal, which are mildly interesting, lets discuss what does this mean for US and the world. First and foremost this whole discussion on debt ceiling was a internally focused political facade. This was not a debt problem similar to the problem that Greece or maybe even Italy is facing. US debt is still highly in demand and US still owes significant portion of its debt to itself. In other words there was not a real market situation where US can not sell its treasury bonds or investors were demanding heavy interest increases on US bonds. Highly sought after US debt is still in demand and debt ceiling is an internal self control mechanism to ensure that US does not put itself into excessive debt.To put it in perspective we have raised the debt ceiling 102 times in the past... or roughly once every year. So in the scheme of things this is a common everyday business. Especially when you have inflation of 2-3%, it makes sense that your debt will go up at least at a similar rate or the nation will be under leveraged. So as opposed to some underlying economical problem, the focus of this debate was political to position both parties as big bold decision makers for the 2012 election.
Having made the strong point above, let me state that US debt has mushroomed at an alarming rate in last 15 years and it does need to be controlled. Therefore this debate was timely and healthy topic that needed to take place. However problem started with how this debate progressed and how it undermined the confidence of the whole world in the US political system and its ability to manage itself in a reliable and mature manner. Last month the whole world watched US government trying to resolve its own self imposed or self created crises. And what the world saw was a painful soap opera of bickering politicians and antics reminiscent of Real Housewives of New Jersey ... full of drama, bickering, and creation of armageddon sounding dramatic antics. Even if you believe it was a necessary fight, we should be embarrassed that the world saw us making the sausage in the most filthy way.
As Americans we were embarrassed but I feel Chinese, Europeans and Africans were dumbfounded. They were asking if American political system is this unreliable? Should they really be concerned about the US debt they are buying? Moreover will America really go into default? These were the questions that were not even in the lexicon of the world before. The dependency of US debt was so solid that all the financial models in the world are built around it. We took one thing that the world never ever questioned -- ability of US government to pay its obligations -- and put it under doubt. In order to make it more dramatic and sensational, media and the politicians played it to the max, while not realizing that we are putting the trust of the world in US at risk.
They say that one of the main jobs of a leader is to bring certainty and confidence amidst uncertainty and fear. This is the role America has played during past global financial uncertainties. And in this time of global financial uncertainty, when many of the Asian and African nations, including China and India, who heavily depend on the massive American consumption for their growth of the economy were also shaken with the potential American default. Due the position of the American economy in the world, any default by the US will cause global recession and potential depression and while we avoided such calamity, the theater that was created to reach a deal caused this nation some credibility as a leader and we will need to work hard to win it back.
In the end each party may have achieved some political goals, but as a nation we lost our credibility that we have built over last two centuries. Credit ratings agencies may not downgrade US debt, but the world may be a little more cautious in buying our debt fearing similar future stand offs in our increasingly divisive political landscape. And therefore result could be the same as if our credit rating was downgraded! At the time when Chinese system of market and government interplay is showing an alternative to American model with fast and continued growth, dysfunction showed by our government over last several weeks and dramatization of it by our media only weakens America.
In summary I am less concerned about American economy and even our current debt -- I am a strong believer that American economy will come out of its doldrums and will march along with rigor. However I am concerned about the political implications of how we are making the new policies and its impact on our perception by the world.
On a positive note:
Regardless of the negative impact, now that we are past the discussion, it is important to use this deal to kick start strong fiscal reforms that can bring this nation back to its roots of a growth focused economy. This deal has put some drastic cuts in our spending and while it puts our economy at risk by not allowing any potential stimulus if needed, I hope our politicians will use the next round of discussions to put the fiscal plans in place that will help focus the government on where it can help the country most while making America an attractive place for entrepreneurs and corporations to do business.
Lastly I want to address the naysayers who think that this marks the beginning of decline of American dominance in world economy. I think nothing can be farther from the truth. Probably these naysayers don’t remember the same sentiment during 80s about the rise of Japan or the impact of Great Depression. This nation rose from both events stronger and more powerful. I will write more about why I am still strongly bullish about US economy and US as the superpower in my next blog entry.
Previous two articles tried to establish that order creation is the ultimate core definition and meaning of life. Purpose of this article is to bring home this hypothesis to daily life and implications of this concept to how we should live a meaningful life.
At the core of the process of life, order creation is autonomous and automatic. We know of this autonomous process as Evolution. Evolution is the algorithm that is applied at the genetic level to create increasingly sophisticated information management system for creation of kinematic (or non kinematic -- plant life) self replicating machines. So over time life fulfills it's purpose in two ways:
So at a very basic level by just living and procreating we are fulfilling the most basic meaning of life. However if we stop at this level our life will be basically as meaningful as an animal -- not destructive but if you are reading this article hopefully you aspire to live a more meaningful life than a moth. The question that this article intends to answer is how to go beyond this level in living a rich and meaningful life.
In the course of human history many individuals have created more order and organized the world around us better than their peers. We call these people leaders of different disciplines or creators of disciplines --- philosophers, political leaders, scientists, businessmen, writers, musicians, artists, engineers. For example Aristotle masterful effort in organizing human knowledge and structured pursuit of truth guided scientific thought for almost two thousand years. His contribution to creation of structured progress was a higher level creative action compared to his peers who just lived their lives and died with their offspring as their only contribution to the universe. Since we identify creative action as the fundamental meaning of life, in our terms Aristotle lived a more meaningful life than many of his peers. Similarly Beethoven and Mozart lived a more meaningful life than their peers by creating a long lasting legacy of beautiful music and art of creating harmonized tonal structures out of vibrations of air. In other words people who create more organized information that aids the world in becoming more sophisticated and information rich live a more meaningful life by creating more order than their fellow men.
As a corollary destructive individuals who bring disorder or chaos live an opposite of a meaningful life or in essence are embodiment of evil -- names like Hitler, Osama Bin Laden come to my mind as personification of this trait.
Considering the above hypotheses as the basis of applying theory of creative action to living a meaningful life, what does an average person needs to do to live a good life? Obviously not everyone is going to be Aristotle, Einstein or Mozart. My proposition in this article is that for an average person the most basic requirement to live a meaningful life comes down is to at least two key requirements
Raise kids who will be better creators than he/she is, thus leaving he world with a better forces of creative action - community leaders, scientists, business leaders, philosophers. Just executing on this principle will make world a better place if each one of our children are brought up to improvement of ourselves --- I call this directed social evolution.
Secondly every should perform their craft in a way that it is left in a better state than when he/she started. This means doing your job not to just earn a paycheck, or to perform what you are asked to do, but improve your work/profession from its currrent state.
If everyone can perform these two tasks than they start to stand shoulder to shoulder with the great creators of humanity by giving the world two types of order creating forces, first his offspring, that is better than themselves in living a meaningful life and creating a better world and secondly improving and evolving their craft / profession to new levels.
Imagine if everyone in the world achieved the above two goals (have kids who achieve more than their parents and perform their work better than before)... The world will quickly become an amazing place within few generations.
These two simple goals may sound mundane but wisdom lies in finding profound within mundane. These two simple goals puts tremendous responsibility on everyone. We have to take our responsibility as a parent very seriously as we are not just bringing up our children but our children are our products that we are selling to the world as their citizens. This makes the job of every parent a serious job of creating a world of tomorrow.
Secondly signing all our work with excellence forms the basis of creating value in the world which is one of the key measurement of how meaningful is your life. Therefore it is important that you should pursue what you love and what you are good at...not necessarily where you can make the most money. Love your profession not because it is source of your livelihood but because it is one of the core reasons of why you were out on this earth.
I would submit that we should not hold our ambitions to live a meaningful life to what is laid out above. Instead we should pursue living as richly meaningful life as possible within our capabilities. What i mean by that is we should sign each day with excellence by doing best as parents, workers, executives, friends, community members etc. And going beyond that we should aspire to "create" and "advance" new forms of structure by contributing to world either intellectually (Establishing new theories, e.g. , Wealth of Nations, Origin of Species, Symposium, Theory of Ralativity, Principia Mathematica etc) politically (forming first democracies in Greece, abolishing slavery in America to bringing peace and subsequently economic development to middle east) building (from building great structures to todays power plants and sky scrapers) or inventing (e.g light bulb to computer to antibiotic). All of the above are examples of creating order where there was disorder before. Disorder of metal, brick, sand, water is shaped by the hands and minds of creators of the world into sky scrapers and power plants. Similarly disorder of confused thought, superstitions and jumbled beliefs get structured by thought creators of the world in scientific, political and economic theories based on which our world works.
It is the work of these Maters of Creative Action that has brought the man out of the cave and into the modern sky scraper. This desire to create order and structure out of every endeavor of our life is the fundamental driving force of life and the ultimate meaning of life. Most amazingly it can be achieved by trying to achieve at least two simple goals, raise your children to be better than yourself and perform your profession with excellence.
We all can contribute within our capacities to live a meaningful life and if we all do that world will be a wonderful place to be.
Shadman
Labels: Meaning of Life
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